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This review examines the role of smart and biodegradable packaging in reducing food waste and enhancing environmental sustainability. Key biodegradable materials include polylactic acid, chitosan, and cellulose, which offer eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical plastics. Innovations such as nanotechnology and active packaging integrate antimicrobial properties, improve shelf life, and monitor food quality. However, challenges like regulatory barriers, material cost, and limited public awareness persist. The study highlights the potential of smart packaging to meet global food supply demands while minimizing ecological impacts.
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