This review examines the economic, environmental, and health-related impacts of waste from food, water, and agriculture in Nigeria, a country facing increased waste production due to rapid population growth. Nigeria is among the top global waste producers, with significant waste arising from its food, water, and agricultural sectors. The mismanagement of this waste results in pollution, disease proliferation, and increased CO₂ emissions. While eradicating waste generation is unrealistic, adopting eco-friendly and cost-effective waste management practices—such as collection, treatment, conversion, recycling, and reuse—can mitigate these issues.
The review underscores the importance of sustainable practices in waste management to address environmental pollution and health risks while highlighting the potential economic benefits. Effective waste utilization not only supports public health but also offers economic advantages by creating opportunities for resource recovery and reuse. Implementing sustainable waste practices is thus crucial for Nigeria to minimize pollution and enhance environmental resilience while meeting the rising demand for food and water.