Surveying 386 licensed female athletes from the Turkish Super, First, and Second Leagues, the study used the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition and inferential tests (t‑tests/ANOVA/LSD/post‑hoc) to identify determinants of nutrition attitudes. Attitudes varied significantly by league level, smoking status, years of experience, and income (p < 0.01), with Super League athletes showing higher nutrition knowledge and more positive behaviors; education level showed no significant differences. The authors recommend targeted, evidence‑based nutrition education—especially for lower leagues—and collaboration with sports nutritionists to tailor plans, monitor risk factors (e.g., smoking), and stabilize performance through healthier dietary routines.
Resource type:
Peer review