impacts of Climate-Resilient Push–Pull Technology on Farmers’ Income in Kenya and Tanzania

This study evaluates the economic impacts of adopting climate-resilient push–pull technology (CR-PPT) on smallholder farmers in Kenya and Tanzania. Using propensity score matching (PSM), findings reveal that adopters experienced significant income increases (average USD 455–474 annually) due to improved maize productivity and reduced pest losses. Factors like education, household size, and access to extension services influenced adoption. The study highlights CR-PPT’s potential to enhance food security and farmer income in arid regions.

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