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This systematic review examines the relationships between pica practices, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and oral health outcomes. Based on 89 studies from 33 countries (1959–2022), pica was strongly associated with IDA, with significant effects on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Oral health impacts included tooth abrasion, dental caries, and depapillated tongue. Geophagia and pagophagia were the most common pica practices observed. The findings highlight a need for further studies to define the strength of the association between pica, anemia, and oral health, while exploring intervention strategies.
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