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This review examines the impact of nutritional depletion on patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and the effectiveness of enteral versus parenteral nutrition. Findings support early enteral feeding, which reduces infection risk, enhances recovery, and is associated with fewer complications and costs compared to parenteral nutrition. The study calls for pre-operative nutrition support, especially for malnourished patients, to improve surgical outcomes. Further research into the role of glutamine and standardized markers of nutritional depletion is recommended.
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