Resource type:
Peer review
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This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and academic performance among 788 adolescents in Spain. Using dietary frequency questionnaires and school grades, researchers found strong dose–response relationships between higher UPF intake and lower academic performance across multiple subjects. Adolescents in the highest tertile of UPF intake had significantly lower GPA and subject-specific grades. These results suggest that UPF consumption is a modifiable risk factor that could impact cognitive development and educational outcomes during adolescence.
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