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Peer review
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This cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-efficacy and Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) adherence in Spanish adolescents and explored sex-based differences. Among 619 adolescents (56.5% girls), girls showed a significantly stronger association between higher self-efficacy and better MedDiet adherence, particularly with higher consumption of fruits, pulses, fish, cereals, and nuts, and reduced breakfast skipping. In contrast, boys showed no statistically significant link, except a modest increase in dairy consumption with self-efficacy. The findings suggest gender-specific strategies may enhance the effectiveness of nutrition education programs for adolescents.
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